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Friday, November 26, 2010
Dremel Trio Tool 6800-01
Watch the video Here
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Dremel Trio Tool Kit 6800-01
The Dremel Trio: The Dremel Trio allows users to cut, sand and rout using one multi-purpose tool. Cut multiple materials including wood, plastic, drywall, sheet metal, wall tile and more without switching tools. The tool’s unique, 360-degree cutting technology and plunge-cut ability allows users to make quick and controlled cuts, while its unique, 90-degree pivoting handle facilitates added control, comfort and accuracy.
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Tuesday, November 23, 2010
SPI TRONIC Digital Protractorl PRO 3600
http://www.lighttoolsupply.com
$189.95-$325.00
SPI TRONIC Digital Protractor PRO 3600 with 0.01° Resolution and SPC Output
$189.95-$325.00
SPI TRONIC Digital Protractor PRO 3600 with 0.01° Resolution and SPC Output
Servo Dynamo Power Feeds
Servo Dynamo Power Feeds
$275.00
http://www.lighttoolsupply.com
For Bridgeport Type Milling Machines And other popular Series 1 Knee Mills
Variable speed control Feed rate: 0.4 to 37.4; 140 torque.
Electro-mechanical clutch for superior cutting at slow speeds.
Helical gear for quiet, dependable operation.
Jog switch and rapid traverse button.
Special safety features include: Fluid protective lip. on/off circuit breaker.
Warranty 1, year, 115v single phase.
Mitutoy KA Counter Milling Systems
Mitutoyo Digital Readout Packages $849.95
http://www.lighttoolsupply.com
FEATURES:
Series 174
Packages Includes:
KA Counter
Brackets for Scales
AT715 Magnetic Absolute Linear Scales
Display Arm Kit
2 Axis
http://www.lighttoolsupply.com
FEATURES:
Series 174
Packages Includes:
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Mitutoyo ABSOLUTE Digimatic Caliper Series 500-with Exclusive ABSOLUTE Encode Technology
Mitutoyo 500-196-20 $99.95
ABSOLUTE Digimatic Caliper Series 500-with Exclusive ABSOLUTE Encode Technology
Order at http://www.lighttoolsupply.com
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Thursday, November 18, 2010
Gaging Tips
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Last issue we looked at some of the setup and analysis issues that can influence the results of your form measurement, including: the way the parts are staged; the influence of the stylus tip; using the wrong filter; confusion over the look of the graph; measuring the wrong parameter; and the influence of poor part tilt/centering. These are some of the pitfalls that can rob accuracy from your measurement, but there are others that also need to be addressed.
Mechanical filtering
We mentioned that sometimes the stylus tip can inadvertently act as a filter (too large a contact radius may miss high or low spots), but sometimes the response characteristics of the electronic transducer can also influence the reading. Most transducers have a response time of around 40 cycles per second. There are some form systems that allow the user to "spin" the table manually, rather then use a fixed rotational speed controlled by an electronic motor. If the part is spun too fast for the transducer, the mechanical/electronic lack of response can filter out critical information. Plus, inconsistent speed may filter out information at the beginning of the rotation, but let it through in the latter portion of the rotation.
Datum issues
Some parameters do not require a datum be established on the part—for example, when a part's profile is compared to a gage spindle's axis of rotation. Other parameters, however, measure relative to a datum surface, or to an axis representing another portion of the part. Understanding the parameter and whether or not you need to establish a datum is the first step in making the measurement.
Relying too heavily on default settings
All form measurement exhibits variation that results from several influences. The true form of the part is influenced by variables in the manufacturing process, such as errors found in the ways of the machine and the right angle relationships of those ways. Also, internal vibrations from motors and tool chatter, along with clamping influences, all pass their variation along to the part and can be picked up by the measuring process.
Each type of variation produces a pattern of undulations on the trace of the part's surface that the gage generates. For example, bad leveling will make the part appear to have a two-lobed condition. The dynamics of centerless grinding typically impose an odd number of undulations per revolution of the part—most likely five or seven. The influence of bearing vibration in the machine tool spindle might add a larger number of undulations.
Form machines incorporate electronic filters to simplify the trace by eliminating undulations that appear outside of certain desired frequency bands. For example, an operator can choose to show only undulations that occur between zero and 15 times per revolution. This type of trace reveals low frequency errors due mostly to clamping and setup factors. Or the operator can choose to filter out only frequencies above 125 undulations per revolution to include the results of more dynamic factors in the analysis.
The ANSI standard establishes 50 undulations per revolution as the default value for measurements of out-of-roundness. Some rotating parts may produce undesirable noise if higher frequency undulations exceed certain amplitudes, so it may be necessary to filter gage data at higher undulations per revolution. A part designer should define the frequency filter to be used based on the functional needs of the application.
Using the right reference circle
Out-of-roundness is measured by comparing the profile irregularities to a gage spindle's axis of rotation by means of one of four reference circles. As described in the ANSI specifications, these are: Maximum Inscribed circle, Minimum Inscribed circle, Least Squares circle and the Minimal Radial Separation method. Results generated by the four approaches can differ by as much as 10-15 percent when evaluating the same profile.
The minimal radial separation method was used by most early form machines. But today's machines offer all the alternatives and it is important for a part designer to specify the method best suited for the part.
Not using the advanced features of today's form machines
Advanced metrology software can tell a user much more than whether a part is within tolerance. Sometimes simply sorting good from bad parts is all that is required. But by subjecting the part to more in-depth analysis, the user can often find out what is wrong with a production process and potentially find ways to correct it. He may also be able to predict the performance of a "bad" part if it were to be installed.
Harmonic analysis involves the analysis of individual predominant numbers of undulations per revolution. While filtering techniques may allow the user to view the effect of out-of-roundness of several undulations within a broad frequency, harmonic analysis allows the user to focus on a single harmonic frequency.
Slope analysis allows the user to look at the "slope" rate, or change of radius with respect to the angle of rotation. The maximum difference between the longest and shortest radius on a form trace might be a critical factor for certain parts.
Form gages today are very powerful tools that can help manufacturers improve the quality and functionality of their designs. But as with any measurement tool, an investment is also needed in training and application usage to get the most from the equipment.
Get the Most From Your Form Measuring System: Part II
George Schuetz, Mahr Federal Inc.
http://www.mahrfederal.com/
George Schuetz, Mahr Federal Inc.
http://www.mahrfederal.com/
Last issue we looked at some of the setup and analysis issues that can influence the results of your form measurement, including: the way the parts are staged; the influence of the stylus tip; using the wrong filter; confusion over the look of the graph; measuring the wrong parameter; and the influence of poor part tilt/centering. These are some of the pitfalls that can rob accuracy from your measurement, but there are others that also need to be addressed.
Mechanical filtering
We mentioned that sometimes the stylus tip can inadvertently act as a filter (too large a contact radius may miss high or low spots), but sometimes the response characteristics of the electronic transducer can also influence the reading. Most transducers have a response time of around 40 cycles per second. There are some form systems that allow the user to "spin" the table manually, rather then use a fixed rotational speed controlled by an electronic motor. If the part is spun too fast for the transducer, the mechanical/electronic lack of response can filter out critical information. Plus, inconsistent speed may filter out information at the beginning of the rotation, but let it through in the latter portion of the rotation.
Datum issues
Some parameters do not require a datum be established on the part—for example, when a part's profile is compared to a gage spindle's axis of rotation. Other parameters, however, measure relative to a datum surface, or to an axis representing another portion of the part. Understanding the parameter and whether or not you need to establish a datum is the first step in making the measurement.
Relying too heavily on default settings
All form measurement exhibits variation that results from several influences. The true form of the part is influenced by variables in the manufacturing process, such as errors found in the ways of the machine and the right angle relationships of those ways. Also, internal vibrations from motors and tool chatter, along with clamping influences, all pass their variation along to the part and can be picked up by the measuring process.
Each type of variation produces a pattern of undulations on the trace of the part's surface that the gage generates. For example, bad leveling will make the part appear to have a two-lobed condition. The dynamics of centerless grinding typically impose an odd number of undulations per revolution of the part—most likely five or seven. The influence of bearing vibration in the machine tool spindle might add a larger number of undulations.
Form machines incorporate electronic filters to simplify the trace by eliminating undulations that appear outside of certain desired frequency bands. For example, an operator can choose to show only undulations that occur between zero and 15 times per revolution. This type of trace reveals low frequency errors due mostly to clamping and setup factors. Or the operator can choose to filter out only frequencies above 125 undulations per revolution to include the results of more dynamic factors in the analysis.
The ANSI standard establishes 50 undulations per revolution as the default value for measurements of out-of-roundness. Some rotating parts may produce undesirable noise if higher frequency undulations exceed certain amplitudes, so it may be necessary to filter gage data at higher undulations per revolution. A part designer should define the frequency filter to be used based on the functional needs of the application.
Using the right reference circle
Out-of-roundness is measured by comparing the profile irregularities to a gage spindle's axis of rotation by means of one of four reference circles. As described in the ANSI specifications, these are: Maximum Inscribed circle, Minimum Inscribed circle, Least Squares circle and the Minimal Radial Separation method. Results generated by the four approaches can differ by as much as 10-15 percent when evaluating the same profile.
The minimal radial separation method was used by most early form machines. But today's machines offer all the alternatives and it is important for a part designer to specify the method best suited for the part.
Not using the advanced features of today's form machines
Advanced metrology software can tell a user much more than whether a part is within tolerance. Sometimes simply sorting good from bad parts is all that is required. But by subjecting the part to more in-depth analysis, the user can often find out what is wrong with a production process and potentially find ways to correct it. He may also be able to predict the performance of a "bad" part if it were to be installed.
Harmonic analysis involves the analysis of individual predominant numbers of undulations per revolution. While filtering techniques may allow the user to view the effect of out-of-roundness of several undulations within a broad frequency, harmonic analysis allows the user to focus on a single harmonic frequency.
Slope analysis allows the user to look at the "slope" rate, or change of radius with respect to the angle of rotation. The maximum difference between the longest and shortest radius on a form trace might be a critical factor for certain parts.
Form gages today are very powerful tools that can help manufacturers improve the quality and functionality of their designs. But as with any measurement tool, an investment is also needed in training and application usage to get the most from the equipment.
Thursday, November 11, 2010
Stanford University turns to the precision of Fagor Automation encoders
Stanford University turns to the precision of Fagor Automation encoders
Posted by World in General, Product
The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is a multi-research center for astrophysics, photovoltaic science, molecule accelerator and research on physical particles. Center running under the Energy department of the US government and Headquarters of the current 3km-diameter accelerator ring, one of the largest in the world.
The SSRL is inside this laboratory (Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Ligthsource), is located inside this facility, that currently uses 20 absolute linear encoders from Fagor Automation.
This lab is supplier of synchrotron radiation. I.e. X rays produced by the electrons that circulate through a ring at near-light speed. This beam of X-rays is used to investigate the behavior of the molecules and atoms of materials with extraordinary properties.
Very important activity for our society because nowadays the basis of new technologies today is the creation of new materials that may have considerable impact in areas like environment, future technologies, health or education.
Repeatability and flexibility granted by programmable resolution are of utmost importance in X-Ray crystallography used in this center.
X-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and diffracts into many specific directions. From the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of the density of electrons within the crystal. From this electron density, the mean positions of the atoms in the crystal can be determined, as well as their chemical bonds, their disorder, etc.
Using X-ray crystallography, the scientists of this center can determine the molecular structure of biological proteins and that”s how Dr. Roger David Konberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006 for his studies of the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied to RNA.
This lab uses 5 operating systems that include these Fagor Automation high resolution measuring systems and they foresee building more of them.
These operating systems have 10 axes with various functions. The axes control what is called the collimator, they must move horizontally to provide the highest crystal diffraction quality. The speed and accuracy of this movement is extremely important for SLAC researchers. In neutron, X-ray and gamma ray optics, a collimator is a device that filters a stream of rays so that only those traveling parallel to a specified direction are allowed through.
Collimators are used in neutron, X-ray, and gamma-ray optics because it is not yet possible to focus radiation with such short wavelengths into an image through the use of lenses as is routine with electromagnetic radiation at optical or near-optical wavelengths Collimators are also used with radiation detectors in nuclear power stations for monitoring sources of radioactivity.
Another 2 additional axes control what is called the Kappa Goniostat, micro-diffractometer where the crystal is mounted to detect the X-rays.
The ganiostat are designed to allow an accurate positioning of the sample centered in a wide range of positions.
Once again, the repeatability and flexibility offered by Fagor Automation scales is extremely important for the research carried out by this pioneering research center that is visited by more than 3000 scientists from all over the world.
Order Fagor Digital Readouts at http://www.lighttoolsupply.com
Thursday, November 4, 2010
Gaging Tips
Get the Most From Your Form Measuring System
George Schuetz, Mahr Federal Inc.
http://www.mahrfederal.com/
George Schuetz, Mahr Federal Inc.
http://www.mahrfederal.com/
With the implementation of touch screen operation, canned measurement routines and automatic ranging, form measuring machines have become nearly foolproof and have successfully migrated from the lab to the shop floor. Still, the form machine is only as good as its setup, and without due attention to the basics, there are many pitfalls that can make even the most basic measurement useless. In this column we will highlight some of the most common problems to watch out for.
"Stage it to gage it:"
As with any dimensional check, unless a part is staged correctly, unwanted errors are apt to show up in the measurement results. Often a three-jaw chuck is used to stage a work piece. But when used on a thin-walled part this may introduce a three-lobed condition in the measurement. Likewise, special clamping may be needed to help stabilize a tall narrow part.
Using the wrong stylus tip:
Often the operator of a form measuring system will only use the probe initially supplied with the machine, regardless of the size of the part being measured. But the stylus tip really acts as a mechanical filter and needs to be selected according to part diameter and the maximum number of undulations per revolution relative to the application. The manufacturer of the form machine probably has a whole host of measuring probes available for the transducer. Besides different ball sizes and contact shapes, other materials may be required. Sometimes conflicts between the part and the tip may cause probe chattering or even "picking up" material on the probe and changing its characteristics over time.
Choosing the wrong type of signal processing filter:
Originally, the filters in form measuring systems were analog and used resistors and capacitors. These were referred to as 2RC filters. When computers started taking over the form tasks, digital filters were created to simulate these 2RC filters. The newest systems utilize digital Gaussian filters. These are more accurate than the 2RC filters and tend to introduce less distortion. Because of these characteristics they are becoming the filter of choice in the newer standards. Be aware that older systems will not correlate with new form systems which may make them obsolete to the standards.
Confusion over the way the results "look:"
The results of a form measurement rarely look "round" on the computer screen or printout. Often, the trace has sharp high and low points which can fool the user into thinking the part has terrible form errors.
Computer-based form systems normalize the deviation around a fixed circle. The operator then chooses the best magnification to balance the form error to the specific surface deviations. While the computer trace does not accurately represent the part's actual profile, the relationship between the highs and lows remains consistent with the system's magnification and represents accurate angular relationships around the circumference of the trace.
Measuring the wrong parameter:
Often there is confusion over geometry parameters. For example, in the case of a simple indicator gage, the term "run out" and "out-of-roundness" are used interchangeably. However, they are not the same when measuring form, and need to be measured differently. Similarly, when gaging perpendicularity, parallelism and other parameters involving relationships between two surfaces, the user must understand which surface needs to be measured first.
For example, the statement often seen on a print, "B is parallel to A" is not the same as "A is parallel to B." By definition, the second surface in the statement is considered the reference or datum surface. All of these parameters and more are defined in the ANSI Y14.5M Standard.
Inattention to centering and leveling:
As part of staging, proper centering and leveling are critical elements for correct form measurement. A round part that is not level will produce an oval trace, while an off-center part will produce a trace that almost resembles a heart. If the form gage has a fixture to quickly align the part, it is wise to make sure that the part is in the fixture properly and is centered and aligned. Even if the form machine has centering and tilt correction as part of its software package, the closer you get to true center and level, the better your results will be.
These are only a few of the most common form measurement problems. Next month, we'll take a look at a few more things that will help improve your form measurement process.
Order Mahr/Federal Tools at http://www.lighttoolsupply.com
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